Solar panel ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa.Ntchito yake ndikusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, kenako kutulutsa magetsi a DC kuti asungidwe mu batri.Kutembenuka kwake ndi moyo wautumiki ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire ngati selo la dzuwa lili ndi phindu logwiritsira ntchito.
Maselo a dzuwa amapangidwa ndipamwamba kwambiri (kuposa 21%) monocrystalline silicon solar cell cell kuti atsimikizire mphamvu zokwanira zopangidwa ndi ma solar.Galasiyo imapangidwa ndi galasi lotsika lachitsulo (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti galasi loyera), lomwe limadutsa kuposa 91% mkati mwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma solar cell spectral reaction, ndipo limawunikira kwambiri pakuwala kwa infrared kuposa 1200 nm.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, galasiyo imatha kupirira kuwala kwa dzuwa la ultraviolet popanda kuchepetsa kutumiza.EVA imatenga filimu yapamwamba kwambiri ya EVA yokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.78mm yowonjezeredwa ndi anti ultraviolet agent, antioxidant ndi machiritso monga chosindikizira cha maselo a dzuwa ndi cholumikizira pakati pa galasi ndi TPT, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yodutsa komanso yotsutsa kukalamba.
Chivundikiro chakumbuyo cha cell solar TPT - filimu ya fluoroplastic ndi yoyera, yomwe imasonyeza kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotero kuti mphamvu ya gawoli imakhala bwino pang'ono.Chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwake kwakukulu kwa infrared, kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa module, komanso kumathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito a module.Chimango cha aluminiyamu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimango chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kwamakina amphamvu.Ndilonso gawo lofunika kwambiri lamagetsi opangira mphamvu ya dzuwa.Ntchito yake ndikutembenuza mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, kapena kuitumiza ku batri yosungirako kuti isungidwe, kapena kulimbikitsa ntchito yolemetsa.
Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Solar Panel
Solar panel ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimatha kusintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.Mapangidwe ake oyambira amapangidwa ndi semiconductor PN junction.Kutenga selo lodziwika bwino la silicon PN solar cell mwachitsanzo, kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kumakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Monga tonse tikudziwira, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi tinthu tambiri tambiri tomwe timayenda mwaulere komanso zosavuta kuchita pano zimatchedwa ma conductor.Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo ndi conductor.Mwachitsanzo, madutsidwe a mkuwa ndi za 106/(Ω. cm).Ngati voteji ya 1V ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo ziwiri zofanana za 1cm x 1cm x 1cm yamkuwa cube, panopa 106A idzayenda pakati pa malo awiriwa.Pamapeto pake pali zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchita zamakono, zotchedwa insulators, monga zoumba, mica, mafuta, mphira, etc. Mwachitsanzo, madulidwe a quartz (SiO2) ali pafupi 10-16 / (Ω. cm) .Semiconductor ili ndi conductivity pakati pa conductor ndi insulator.Madulidwe ake ndi 10-4 ~ 104 / (Ω. cm).The semiconductor akhoza kusintha madutsidwe ake mu mndandanda pamwamba powonjezera pang'ono zosafunika.Ma conductivity a semiconductor okwanira adzakwera kwambiri ndi kukwera kwa kutentha.
Semiconductors akhoza kukhala zinthu, monga silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), selenium (Se), etc;Zitha kukhalanso pawiri, monga cadmium sulfide (Cds), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc;Ikhozanso kukhala alloy, monga Ga, AL1 ~ XAs, kumene x ndi nambala iliyonse pakati pa 0 ndi 1. Zambiri zamagetsi za semiconductors zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi chitsanzo chosavuta.Nambala ya atomiki ya silicon ndi 14, kotero pali ma elekitironi 14 kunja kwa nyukiliyasi ya atomiki.Pakati pawo, ma elekitironi 10 mu wosanjikiza wamkati amamangidwa mwamphamvu ndi nyukiliya ya atomiki, pamene ma electron 4 mu wosanjikiza wakunja samangidwa pang'ono ndi nyukiliya ya atomiki.Ngati mphamvu yokwanira imapezeka, imatha kupatulidwa ndi nyukiliya ya atomiki ndikukhala ma elekitironi aulere, ndikusiya dzenje pamalo oyamba nthawi yomweyo.Ma electron ali ndi magetsi olakwika ndipo mabowo ali ndi magetsi abwino.Ma electron anayi omwe ali kunja kwa silicon nucleus amatchedwanso valence electrons.
Mu kristalo wa silicon, pali ma atomu anayi oyandikana mozungulira atomu iliyonse ndi ma elekitironi awiri a valence ndi atomu iliyonse yoyandikana, kupanga chipolopolo chokhazikika cha 8-atomu.Zimatengera mphamvu ya 1.12eV kuti mulekanitse electron ku atomu ya silicon, yomwe imatchedwa silicon band gap.Ma electron olekanitsidwa ndi ma elekitironi a conduction aulere, omwe amatha kuyenda momasuka ndikufalitsa zamakono.Elekitironi ikatuluka mu atomu, imasiya malo, otchedwa dzenje.Ma elekitironi ochokera ku maatomu oyandikana nawo amatha kudzaza dzenjelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzenjelo lisunthike kuchoka pamalo amodzi kupita kumalo atsopano, motero kupanga magetsi.Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi kayendedwe ka ma electron ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira panopa pamene dzenje labwino limayenda mosiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-03-2019